Exercițiul 539

E.539. a) Arătați că numărul A=220192020202020192019201820192018A=2 \cdot 2019^{2020} - 2020 \cdot 2019^{2019} - 2018 \cdot 2019^{2018} este pătrat perfect.
b) Arătați că numărul B=2710321116762723B=27^{10} \cdot 32^{11} - 16^7 \cdot 6^{27} \cdot 23 este cub perfect.

Olimpiadă, etapa locală, Botoșani, 2019

Răspuns: A=(201920192018)2; B=(39219)3.A=(2019^{2019} \cdot 2018)^2; ~ B=(3^9 \cdot 2^{19})^3.

Soluție:

A=20192018(220192202020192018)=A=2019^{2018}(2 \cdot 2019^2-2020 \cdot 2019 - 2018)=
=20192018[2019(2201920202018)2018]==2019^{2018}[2019(\underbrace{2 \cdot 2019 - 2020}_{2018})-2018]=
=20192018(201920182018)==2019^{2018}(2019 \cdot 2018 - 2018)=
=(20191009)220182=(2019^{1009})^2 \cdot 2018^2 - pătrat perfect.

B=(33)10(25)11(24)722732723=B=(3^3)^{10} \cdot (2^5)^{11} - (2^4)^7 \cdot 2^{27} \cdot 3^{27} \cdot 23 =
=33025522822725532723==3^{30} \cdot 2^{55} - \underbrace{2^{28} \cdot 2^{27}}_{2^{55}} \cdot 3^{27} \cdot 23=
=327255(33234)==3^{27} \cdot 2^{55} (\underbrace{3^3 - 23}_{4})=
=327257=(39)3(219)3=3^{27} \cdot 2^{57} = (3^9)^3 \cdot (2^{19})^3 - cub perfect.